A mechanism for electric charge separation during freezing of slightly impure water; when a very dilute solution of certain salts freezes rapidly, a strong potential difference is established between the solid and liquid phases; for some salts, the ice attains negative charge, for others, positive; this mechanism has been suggested as one possible mode of thunderstorm charge separation in those portions of a thunderstorm downdraft where snow-pellet or hail particles sweep out supercooled waterdrops.
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