Earth science Terms Beginning with C
- c axis
- C figure
- C horizon
- C index
- C'-type shear band cleavage
- C-horizon
- C-type shear band cleavage
- C/S fabric
- caballing
- cable
- cable length
- Cabrerite
- Cacholong
- cacimbo
- Cacoxene
- Cadmia
- Cainozoic
- Cairngormstone
- caju rains
- caking coal
- Calabrian
- Calamine
- Calaverite
- calc-silicate
- Calc-sinter
- Calcareous
- calcareous crust
- calcareous duricrust
- calcareous ooze
- calcareous sinter
- calcareous soil
- calcareous tufa
- Calcic
- calcification
- Calcite
- calcite compensation depth
- Calcium Silicate
- calcrete
- Caldera
- Caledonian orogeny
- Caledonides
- Caledonite
- calf
- Caliche
- California Current
- California fog
- California method
- calina
- Callao painter
- callenia
- Callovian
- calm
- calm belt
- calms of Cancer
- calms of Capricorn
- calved ice
- calving
- camanchaca
- camber
- Cambrian
- Campanian
- Campylite
- Canadian Shield
- canal
- Canary Current
- Canary Stone
- Canastotan
- Cancrinite
- Candite
- Candlemas crack
- Candlemas Eve winds
- Cannel Coal
- cannel shale
- cannelite
- canneloid
- Canterbury northwester
- canyon
- canyon bench
- canyon fill
- canyon wind
- cap cloud
- cap rock
- capacity of the wind
- cape
- cape doctor
- Cape Horn Current
- capillary
- capillary ejecta
- capillary fringe
- capillary migration
- capillary water
- capped column
- capping
- capture
- carabine
- Caradocian
- carapace
- carbohumin
- carbon cycle
- carbon isotope ratio
- carbon pool
- carbon ratio
- carbon sequestration
- carbon sink
- carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus ratio
- carbon-ratio theory
- Carbonaceous
- carbonaceous chondrite
- carbonaceous meteorite
- carbonaceous shale
- Carbonado
- carbonate cycle
- carbonate reservoir
- Carbonate Rock
- carbonate spring
- Carbonates
- carbonation
- Carbonic Acid
- Carboniferous
- carbonification
- carbonite
- carbonization
- Carbuncle
- carcenet
- cardinal point
- cardinal winds
- Caribbean Current
- Caribbean Sea
- Carnallite
- Carnelian
- Carnian
- Carnotite
- Carolina Bays
- carry-over
- Carrying Costs
- cascade
- Cascadian orogeny
- cascading glacier
- case hardening
- Cassadagan
- Casselian
- Cassiar orogeny
- Cassiterite
- castellanus
- castellatus
- castings
- Castor
- CAT
- cat's paw
- Cat's-Eye
- catachosis
- cataclasis
- cataclasite
- cataclastic lineation
- Cataclastic Rock
- cataract
- catastrophism
- catazone
- catchment area
- catchment glacier
- catena
- cathodoluminescence
- cauldron subsidence
- caustobiolith
- cavaburd
- cavaliers
- cave
- cave breccia
- cave formation
- cave pearl
- caver
- cavern
- cavernous
- Cawk
- cay
- cay sandstone
- Cayugan
- Cazenovian
- Cc
- CCD
- ceiling
- ceiling classification
- celestial geodesy
- Celestine
- Celestite
- cellular convection
- cellular soil
- Cement
- cement gravel
- Cementation
- Cenomanian
- cenote
- Cenozoic
- center jump
- center of action
- center of falls
- center of rises
- central object
- central pressure
- central valley
- central water
- centrifugal drainage pattern
- centroclinal
- centrosphere
- Cerargyrite
- Cerite
- Cerolite
- cers
- Cerussite
- Ceylanite
- Chabasite
- Chabazite
- chain
- chain lightning
- chalazoidite
- Chalcanthite
- Chalcedony
- Chalcocite
- Chalcolite
- chalcophile
- Chalcopyrite
- Chalcosine
- Chalk
- challiho
- Champlainian
- Chandler motion
- Chandler period
- Chandler wobble
- chandui
- chanduy
- change chart
- change of tide
- channel
- channel control
- channel fill
- channel frequency
- channel morphology
- channel net
- channel order
- channel pattern
- channel roughness
- channel sand
- channel segment
- channel splay
- channel width
- channel-lag deposit
- channel-mouth bar
- Chapman equation
- Chapman region
- character
- Charmouthian
- charnockite series
- charted depth
- Charybdis
- chassignite
- Chatoyant
- chatter mark
- Chattian
- Chautauquan
- Chazyan
- check observation
- chemical denudation
- chemical fossils
- chemical precipitates
- chemical remanent magnetization
- chemical reservoir
- Chemical Sedimentary Rock
- Chemical Weathering
- chemocline
- chemosphere
- chemostratigraphy
- Chemungian
- chenier
- chergui
- Chernozem
- Chert
- chertification
- chessboard subgrains
- Chessy Copper
- Chesterian
- chestnut coal
- Chestnut soil
- chevron fold
- Chiastolite
- chibli
- chichili
- Chideruan
- chili
- Chili Saltpetre
- chill wind factor
- chimney
- chimney cloud
- chimney rock
- chinook
- chinook arch
- chlorinity
- Chlorite
- Chlorite Slate
- chlorite stack
- Chloropal
- Chlorophane
- chlorosity
- chocolate gale
- chocolatero
- Chondrite
- Chondrodite
- chondrule
- Chondrules
- choppy sea
- Christmas Tree
- chromel
- Chromite
- chromocratic
- chron
- chronolith
- chronolithologic unit
- chronostratic unit
- chronostratigraphic unit
- chronostratigraphic zone
- chronostratigraphy
- chronozone
- Chrysoberyl
- Chrysocolla
- Chrysolite
- Chrysoprase
- Chrysostom
- chubasco
- Chubb
- churada
- churn hole
- chute
- Ci
- CI
- Cimolite
- Cincinnatian
- cinder
- cinder coal
- Cinder Cone
- Cinnabar
- Cinnamon Stone
- CIP
- Cipolin
- circle of equal altitude
- circle of illumination
- circle of inertia
- circle of latitude
- circle of longitude
- circular coal
- circular vortex
- circulation
- circulation flux
- circulation index
- circulation pattern
- circumpolar
- circumpolar westerlies
- circumpolar whirl
- Cirque
- cirque lake
- cirriform
- cirrocumulus cloud
- cirrostratus cloud
- cirrus cloud
- cistern
- Claibornian
- Clairaut's formula
- clarain
- Clarendonian
- clarite
- clarke
- Clarke ellipsoid of 1866
- clarodurain
- clarofusain
- clarovitrain
- clast
- clastation
- Clastic
- clastic dike
- clastic pipe
- clastic ratio
- clastic reservoir
- Clastic rock
- clastic sediment
- clastic wedge
- clathrate
- clathrate hydrate
- Clay
- Clay Belt
- clay gall
- clay loam
- clay marl
- clay plug
- clay shale
- clay soil
- clay vein
- claypan
- claystone
- clear
- clear ice
- clear-air turbulence
- cleat
- Cleavage
- cleavage banding
- cleavage bundle
- cleavage domain
- cleavage dome
- cleavage front
- cleavage lamella
- Cleavelandite
- Cleveite
- cliff
- cliff of displacement
- Cliftonian
- climagram
- climagraph
- climate
- climate change
- climate control
- climate model
- climatic change
- climatic classification
- climatic controls
- climatic cycle
- climatic diagram
- climatic divide
- climatic factor
- climatic forecast
- climatic optimum
- climatic oscillation
- climatic prediction
- climatic province
- climatic snow line
- climatic zone
- climatochronology
- climatograph
- climatography
- climatological forecast
- climatological station elevation
- climatological station pressure
- climatological substation
- climatology
- climbing dune
- climogram
- climograph
- clinker
- Clinkstone
- clinoform
- Clinozoisite
- clint
- Clintonian
- clog snow
- close
- close sand
- close-joints cleavage
- closed drainage
- closed fold
- closed high
- closed lake
- closed low
- closed sea
- closure
- cloud
- cloud absorption
- cloud albedo
- cloud band
- cloud bank
- cloud banner
- cloud bar
- cloud base
- cloud cap
- cloud classification
- cloud cover
- cloud crest
- cloud deck
- cloud discharge
- cloud droplet
- cloud echo
- cloud flash
- cloud formation
- cloud height
- cloud layer
- cloud level
- cloud modification
- cloud particle
- cloud physics
- cloud seeding
- cloud shield
- cloud street
- cloud symbol
- cloud system
- cloud top
- cloud-phase chart
- cloud-to-cloud discharge
- cloud-to-ground discharge
- cloudage
- cloudburst
- cloudiness
- cloudy
- clough
- cluse
- clusterite
- coagulation
- Coahuilan
- Coal
- coal ball
- coal bed
- coal breccia
- coal clay
- Coal Gasification
- Coal Liquefaction
- Coal Measures
- coal pebbles
- coal petrology
- coal rake
- coal seam
- coalescence
- coalescence efficiency
- coalescence process
- coalification
- coarse fragment
- coast
- coast ice
- coast shelf
- coastal berm
- coastal current
- coastal dune
- coastal ice
- coastal landform
- Coastal Plain
- coastal sediment
- coastline
- coaxial
- Cobalt Glance
- Cobaltite
- cobble
- cobble beach
- Coble creep
- Coblentzian
- Coccolite
- coccolith ooze
- cockeyed bob
- cockpit karst
- cocurrent line
- Coelestine
- cognate
- cognate ejecta
- coherent deposit
- cohesionless
- cohesive soil
- cohesiveness
- coke coal
- cokeite
- coking coal
- col
- colatitude
- cold anticyclone
- cold dome
- cold drop
- cold front
- cold glacier
- cold high
- cold low
- cold pole
- cold pool
- cold tongue
- cold wall
- cold wave
- cold-air drop
- cold-air outbreak
- cold-core cyclone
- cold-core high
- cold-core low
- cold-front thunderstorm
- cold-front-like sea breeze
- cold-water desert
- cold-water sphere
- Colemanite
- colk
- colla
- colla tempestade
- collada
- collapse breccia
- collapse caldera
- collapse sink
- collapse structure
- collective
- collinite
- collision cross section
- collision efficiency
- colloform
- colloidal instability
- colluvium
- Cologne Earth
- Colophonite
- Colorado low
- Coloradoan
- Coloradoite
- Columbite
- column
- columnar jointing
- columnar resistance
- columnar section
- columnar structure
- comagmatic province
- Comanchean
- comber
- combination coefficient
- combination trap
- combined water
- combustible shale
- combustion nucleus
- comendite
- comfort index
- Comleyan
- common establishment
- communition
- Compaction
- compaction band
- compass points
- compensation depth
- competence
- competent
- competent beds
- complementary rocks
- complex
- complex climatology
- complex dune
- complex fold
- complex low
- complex object
- complex tombolo
- Composite Cone
- composite dike
- composite flash
- composite fold
- composite grain
- composite sequence
- composite sill
- composite topography
- composite unconformity
- composite vein
- composite volcano
- compositional layering
- compositional maturity
- compound alluvial fan
- compound fault
- compound ripple marks
- compound valley glacier
- compound volcano
- compression
- Comptonite
- computer-integrated polarisation microscopy
- concentration
- concentration time
- concentric faults
- concentric fold
- concentric fractures
- concentric weathering
- conchoidal
- concordant body
- concordant coastline
- concordant drainage
- concordant injection
- concordant pluton
- Concretion
- concretionary
- concretioning
- concussion fracture
- condensate field
- condensation
- condensation cloud
- condensation nucleus
- condensation pressure
- condensation temperature
- condensation trail
- conditional instability
- conductive equilibrium
- conductivity
- conductivity current
- conduit
- Condurrite
- cone
- cone delta
- cone dike
- cone karst
- cone of dejection
- Cone of Depression
- cone of detritus
- cone of escape
- cone of influence
- cone sheet
- cone-in-cone structure
- Conemaughian
- Conewangoan
- confined aquifer
- confining bed
- confining pressure
- confluence
- conformable
- conformity
- confused sea
- congelifluction
- congelifraction
- congeliturbate
- congeliturbation
- Conglomerate
- conglomeratic mudstone
- congruent melting
- Coniacian
- Conite
- conjugate
- Conjugate fracture
- conjugate joint system
- connate
- connate water
- connecting bar
- Conrad discontinuity
- consanguineous
- consequent
- consequent stream
- consequent valley
- conservative concentrations
- consolidated ice
- consolidation
- constant-height chart
- constant-height surface
- constant-level chart
- constant-level surface
- constant-pressure chart
- constant-pressure surface
- constituent number
- constrictional strain
- consumptive use
- contact
- contact aureole
- Contact Metamorphism
- contact metasomatism
- contact vein
- contact zone
- contamination
- contemporaneous
- continent
- continent formation
- continental accretion
- continental air
- continental anticyclone
- continental borderland
- continental climate
- continental crust
- continental deposits
- continental displacement
- continental divide
- continental drift
- continental geosyncline
- continental glacier
- continental growth
- continental heat flow
- continental high
- continental margin
- continental mass
- continental nucleus
- continental plate
- continental plateau
- continental platform
- continental polar air
- continental rise
- continental shelf
- continental shield
- continental slope
- continental terrace
- continental tropical air
- continentality
- continuity chart
- continuous leader
- continuous permafrost zone
- continuous profiling
- contour code
- Contour Line
- Contour Map
- contour microclimate
- contour-change line
- contourite
- contra solem
- contraction hypothesis
- Contractional fractures
- contrail
- contrail-formation graph
- contrastes
- contributory
- control day
- control-tower visibility
- convection
- convection cell
- convection current
- convection stability
- convection theory of cyclones
- convectional stability
- convective activity
- convective cloud
- convective condensation level
- convective equilibrium
- convective instability
- convective overturn
- convective precipitation
- convective region
- convective-cloud-height diagram
- convergence
- convergence line
- Convergent Margins
- convergent precipitation
- convergent zone paths
- convolute bedding
- convolution
- cooking snow
- cooperative observer
- coorongite
- Copenhagen water
- Copiapite
- Copper
- Copper Barilla
- copper ore
- coprolite
- coral head
- coral knoll
- coral mud
- coral pinnacle
- coral reef
- coral sand
- coral shoreline
- coral-reef lagoon
- coral-reef shoreline
- Corallite
- Cordierite
- cordillera
- cordilleran geosyncline
- cordonazo
- core
- core analysis
- core intersection
- core interval
- core logging
- core object
- core sample
- core-and-mantle structure
- corestone
- Coriolis parameter
- Cork Fossil
- corn snow
- corneite
- coromell
- corona
- corona method
- corrasion
- corrected altitude
- corrected establishment
- correlation
- corrie
- corrosion
- Corundum
- cosmic sediment
- cosmic spherules
- cotton-belt climate
- coulee
- counterradiation
- country rock
- Couvinian
- cove
- Covellite
- cowshee
- CPL
- crachin
- crack-seal growth
- crag
- crater
- crater cone
- crater lake
- craton
- cream ice
- creek
- creep
- crenitic
- crenulation
- crenulation cleavage
- crepuscular arch
- crescent beach
- crescentic dune
- crescentic lake
- crest cloud
- crest length
- crest line
- crest stage
- crest width
- crestal plane
- Cretaceous
- crevasse
- crevasse deposit
- crevasse hoar
- criador
- crib
- crinoid type
- Cristobalite
- critical bottom slope
- critical density
- critical depth
- critical frequency
- critical level of escape
- critical melt fraction
- critical resolved shear stress (CRSS)
- critical slope
- crivetz
- CRM
- Crocidolite
- Crocoite
- Croixian
- Cromwell Current
- Cronstedtite
- crop out
- cross fault
- cross fold
- cross joint
- cross sea
- cross section
- cross valley
- cross-bedding
- cross-lamination
- Cross-stone
- cross-stratification
- crosscutting relationships
- crosswind
- croute calcaire
- Crude Oil
- crumb structure
- crush breccia
- crush conglomerate
- crush fold
- crush zone
- crust
- crustal motion
- crustal plate
- cryoconite
- cryoconite hole
- cryogenic period
- cryolaccolith
- Cryolite
- cryology
- cryomorphology
- cryopedology
- cryoplanation
- cryosphere
- cryostatic pressure
- cryoturbation
- cryptoclastic
- cryptoclimatology
- cryptocrystalline
- cryptovolcanic
- Crystal
- crystal sandstone
- crystal settling
- Crystal symmetry
- crystal tuff
- crystal-vitric tuff
- crystalline frost
- crystalline porosity
- crystallite
- crystalloblastic
- crystalloblastic series
- crystalloblastic texture
- crystallographic preferred orientation
- crystalplastic flow
- crystosphene
- Cs
- Cubic Feet Per Second
- Cubic Nitre
- cuesta
- Culm
- culmination
- cum sole
- cumuliform cloud
- cumulonimbus calvus cloud
- cumulonimbus capillatus cloud
- cumulonimbus cloud
- cumulus
- cumulus cloud
- cumulus congestus cloud
- cumulus humilis cloud
- cumulus mediocris cloud
- cup crystal
- cup-and-ball joint
- cupola
- cupped pebble
- Cuprite
- current constants
- current curve
- current cycle
- current diagram
- current difference
- current drift
- current ellipse
- current hour
- current lineation
- current mark
- current ripple
- current rips
- current tables
- current-bedding
- curtain
- curtain fold
- curvature correction
- cusp
- cuspate bar
- cuspate ripple mark
- custard winds
- cut and fill
- cut platform
- cutbank
- cutinite
- cutoff
- cutoff high
- cutoff lake
- cutoff low
- cutout
- cutting-off process
- cwm
- Cyanosite
- cycle of erosion
- cycle of sedimentation
- cyclic salt
- cyclic sedimentation
- cyclogenesis
- cyclolysis
- cyclone
- cyclone family
- cyclone wave
- cyclonic
- cyclonic scale
- cyclonic shear
- cyclopean stairs
- cyclostrophic wind
- cyclothem
